Internal conflicts in Egypt, Tunisia, Bahrain and Libya have increased political risk and negative economic costs, warranting downgrades in sovereign debt ratings and continuing negative outlooks. But political change could ultimately be positive since governments with greater legitimacy tend to be more resilient to economic and other shocks.
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The change in market psychology since the 2010 elections and the passage of year-end legislation to renew the Bush administration tax cuts should continue setting a positive tone for financial markets in 2011. We expect an expanding domestic economy, coupled with continued dynamism in the developing world, to set equity markets up for continued gains.
Forecasts for the demise of the bond market have popped up repeatedly during the past two years only to be deflated by yet another bond market rally. Arguably, it is different this time. Rising rates seem close at hand, and this paper provides detail on that view. At the same time, the paper cautions against overestimating the downside risk in bonds.
Inflation in emerging economies will remain a concern in the near term but could peak much sooner than expected as tighter monetary policies take hold. The rise in input costs around the globe could potentially impact profit margins; however, low wage growth, positive operating leverage and modest pricing power likely will buffer the downside in most sectors.
Municipal securities continue to provide yields in excess of Treasuries, despite their tax-favored status. For tax-exempt accounts, we continue to see opportunities in corporate debt, both investment grade and the highest quality non-investment grade, as well as in select international sovereign debt issues.
Despite the natural volatility of the stock market, three themes unfolding over the next decade should benefit equity investors: innovation in technology, healthcare and energy; the rise of developing nations and their demand for consumer goods; and global expansion of trade in goods and services.
The combination of an enhanced European-level policy response, fiscal austerity and structural reform at the national level, plus a more broad-based and secure economic recovery, should bring normalization to the Euro-area sovereign debt crisis by 2012. But if one or more of these expectations is not realized, the crisis may intensify.
We recently have taken an increasing interest in housing and housing-related investment opportunities. While we cannot state with certainty when the recovery will come, we see a road towards redemption and investment opportunities while the market gradually improves.
It is our view that inflation should be moderate over the near term. However, we recognize that portfolios of different investors have different sensitivities to sharp increases in inflation. To that end, the discussion here centers on methods to hedge unexpected inflation in those specific portfolios.
We believe one of the most important economic developments to monitor is whether the U.S. economy can wean itself off government stimulus before bond vigilantes take the matter into their own hands. In short, we are in the midst of a cyclical recovery that could be overshadowed at some point by the longer term structural challenges.