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With short-term interest rates currently near zero, this may be a good time to consider using intra-family loans, grantor retained annuity trusts and sales to intentionally defective grantor trusts.

Low interest rates are certainly disheartening for investors looking for income, but they also drive down key rates used in estate planning – a great benefit to those looking for low or no tax techniques for transferring wealth to family members. It is unlikely, however, that these rates will remain as low as they currently are.

The charitable lead trust can be used effectively for the ultra-wealthy to pass property, at death or during life, to charity and family members. The trust is particularly effective for individuals who want to address their charitable interests and also set aside money for future generations' medical, educational or other needs.

Designed to exist perpetually, promote family values and provide a substantial legacy, a dynasty trust takes the greatest possible advantage of a donor's gift tax and generation-skipping transfer tax exemptions. The trust property and the appreciation on that property remain in trust out of the family's successive estates. However, the flexibility of many dynasty trust state laws allows for the termination of the trust, if that were desired.

These harsh economic times should induce beneficiaries, fiduciaries and their advisors to review trust distributions and portfolio viability. Whether investment and inflation conditions get worse or improve, if everyone takes a long hard look at the economic reality and works together, they can devise a deliberate and practical trust plan that will maintain trust assets and satisfy objectives.

The answer to whether to establish a Roth account or to roll over a traditional retirement account to a Roth is not always obvious because of the upfront tax cost associated with the Roth. Whether an individual reaps an offsetting benefit will depend on how long money remains in the account, the tax rates in effect when it is withdrawn and how the investments perform.

Meeting significant charitable goals efficiently creates a disproportionate need for the characteristics inherent in liquid, public securities. Increasing the allocation to liquid asset classes from 29% to 75% on a tax-managed basis can generate comparable returns to the endowment model after taxes while maintaining the flexibility needed to handle cash flow interruptions and changes in markets, tax regimens and personal goals.

Many private enterprises are just beginning to understand the changes necessitated by these rules and their implications. This is important, as preparation of annual financial statements that are subject to the rules involves a review and analysis of accumulated tax positions. Private enterprises can benefit from the accumulated experience of public companies as they prepare for the issuance of these statements.

Planning can help reduce a client's tax liability and mitigate the unpleasantness of surprises when tax returns are filed. This is a valuable service advisors can offer clients, and because proper tax planning requires a discussion of a client's entire financial picture, it also can serve as a catalyst to broaden the scope of relationships with clients.