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As the nation’s population grows older and more Americans are living longer, cognitive impairment of an individual is likely to become a challenge for more and more families. When a family member is diagnosed with conditions such as dementia or Alzheimer’s, it may already be too late to have an up-to-date estate plan in place. The ramifications can be dramatic not just today, but for generations to come. The risk that cognitive challenges will create obstacles for estate planning later in life underlines the value of starting the process early.

Recently the IRS released proposed regulations under Chapter 14 of the Internal Revenue Code that would severely limit—if not eliminate—the application of valuation discounts, including lack of marketability and minority discounts, to interests in closely held family entities for gift, estate, and generation-skipping transfer tax purposes. If finalized in their current form, the proposed regulations will have a significant impact on future estate planning for high net worth individuals and, potentially, on estate plans which were recently put into place.

Proposed regulations covering the valuation of family controlled entities for transfer tax purposes—12 years in the making—were published by the IRS on August 4, 2016. If newly proposed IRS Regulations are finalized in their current form, nearly all valuation discounts on family controlled entities will be eliminated. Given the December 1st public hearing date on the proposed regulations, there is a brief window of opportunity for families to transfer business and investment assets at a reduced gift tax cost. Now is the time to act.

The long-awaited and much-speculated about regulations to Section 2704 were issued in early August 2016. As issued, the proposed regulations expand the scope and reach of section 2704 to preclude use of various structural techniques to artificially suppress the value of interests in entities transferred by taxpayers or owned by them at death. The IRS is likely to receive a great deal of commentary from the estate planning and valuation communities, respectively. Therefore, the final form of these regulations is difficult to predict at best.

For years, owners of family-controlled companies have taken advantage of applicable valuation discounts to advance their objectives in transferring wealth and company ownership to future generations in a tax efficient manner. On August 2, the Treasury Department issued proposed regulations under Internal Revenue Code Section 2704 to curb the use of valuation discounts in such circumstances. A public hearing on the proposed regulations has been scheduled for December 1, 2016.

The metaphorical glass slipper represents the combined interpersonal dynamics of your family and loved ones, your individual passions, goals, hopes and dreams, along with the complexity of your family’s estate plan. When combining the characteristics of your family with the complexity of your estate plan, the result is a unique dynamic with special needs—requiring a trustee with a complementary skillset. What skillset and qualifications should your trustee have?