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Recently proposed IRS changes to reduce or eliminate valuation discounts could dramatically increase the transfer tax cost of shifting property to members of your family in the future. The loss of valuation discounts is of significant concern for high-net-worth individuals for whom federal transfer taxes are an issue. It’s possible that some of the regulations could become effective as early as December of 2016, so it’s important to consult with your tax and legal advisors to evaluate your planning options.

Parents often find it difficult to discuss their wealth with their children, especially when it comes to what will happen to their wealth when they die. But when parents do not clearly detail their intentions or prepare their children to receive the family’s wealth, they risk outcomes that will meaningfully erode the value of their estate. Fortunately for every family there are key steps—from opening the lines of communication early to considering the value of an impartial trustee—that can help with successfully transferring the family wealth from generation to generation.

The rules of the game in estate planning have changed. No longer can planners be so focused on the estate tax liability. They now must be equally focused on income taxes. In the past, taxpayers were willing to give up a step-up in basis at death in order to reduce or eliminate estate taxes. That is often no longer a good trade. With a smaller difference between income and estate taxes, taxpayers and planners must now consider the impact of both, especially for those in states with their own high income taxes.

When done well, a trustee’s service can have a profoundly positive impact on a family; when done poorly, a trustee’s service can create or exacerbate fissures within a family, dissipate family wealth, create personal liability for the trustee, and create a public spectacle that sullies the family’s good name and reputation. For key employees in family offices, service as a trustee is sometimes part of the job description. The trustee should adhere to the best practices that will serve the family well, fulfill the duties to the beneficiaries, and minimize the personal risks.

As the nation’s population grows older and more Americans are living longer, cognitive impairment of an individual is likely to become a challenge for more and more families. When a family member is diagnosed with conditions such as dementia or Alzheimer’s, it may already be too late to have an up-to-date estate plan in place. The ramifications can be dramatic not just today, but for generations to come. The risk that cognitive challenges will create obstacles for estate planning later in life underlines the value of starting the process early.

Recently the IRS released proposed regulations under Chapter 14 of the Internal Revenue Code that would severely limit—if not eliminate—the application of valuation discounts, including lack of marketability and minority discounts, to interests in closely held family entities for gift, estate, and generation-skipping transfer tax purposes. If finalized in their current form, the proposed regulations will have a significant impact on future estate planning for high net worth individuals and, potentially, on estate plans which were recently put into place.

Proposed regulations covering the valuation of family controlled entities for transfer tax purposes—12 years in the making—were published by the IRS on August 4, 2016. If newly proposed IRS Regulations are finalized in their current form, nearly all valuation discounts on family controlled entities will be eliminated. Given the December 1st public hearing date on the proposed regulations, there is a brief window of opportunity for families to transfer business and investment assets at a reduced gift tax cost. Now is the time to act.

The long-awaited and much-speculated about regulations to Section 2704 were issued in early August 2016. As issued, the proposed regulations expand the scope and reach of section 2704 to preclude use of various structural techniques to artificially suppress the value of interests in entities transferred by taxpayers or owned by them at death. The IRS is likely to receive a great deal of commentary from the estate planning and valuation communities, respectively. Therefore, the final form of these regulations is difficult to predict at best.