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Private trust companies are not a new phenomenon. Rather, over the past 25 years, they have increased dramatically in number, with hundreds of major, family-controlled trust institutions now operating in the United States. This article addresses why the number of private trust companies has been growing; describes a typical private trust company (PTC) organizational structure; and discusses certain legal and practical considerations that a family exploring a PTC should address.

In 2015 charitable giving rose to $373 billion in the United States, driven by an almost $10 billion increase in gifts from individuals which represent over 70% of total giving. This year individual giving in the U.S. is poised for even greater growth, thanks to several contributing factors, including a solid economy and robust stock market performance, the extension of the IRA Charitable Rollover provision and the continuing value of itemized charitable tax deductions. Regardless of the election results, there are four reasons why 2016 is shaping up to be a great year to give.

By enacting progressive trust laws building on the uniform trust code, Tennessee is attracting a growing number of family offices that are seeking flexibility to adapt to changes in family circumstances and the world around them. One such change was adding the "common sense" provision that expanded the definition of "family member" or family client who may be served by a private family trust company.

Significant tax reform is likely on the horizon. Given the proposals from President-elect Trump and the Republicans in Congress, we may see legislation repealing the current estate tax passed in 2017, and potentially changes to the gift and generation skipping transfer (GST) tax rules. There is a global precedent for the removal of an estate tax, and Canada serves as one example of what the proposed tax reform may look like in the U.S., which could mean the implementation of a new capital gains tax at death. The uncertainty regarding the future of tax law in the U.S.

Many families of wealth struggle with a fundamental question: Can our wealth be sustained across generations and have a positive impact on those who use it? Through experience and research, a series of best practices for the successful transfer of multi-generational wealth has been identified to help reduce the likelihood of families succumbing to the paradigm of “shirtsleeves-to-shirtsleeves in three generations.” Families who devote time and effort to adopt the best practices will be better able to increase the 1 in 3 chance of maintaining wealth through multiple

IRS regulations’ restricting taxpayer’s ability to structure leveraged partnerships were drafted with the intent to eliminate leveraged partnerships through the use of what the IRS perceived as abuses of the debt allocation rules. As of January 3, 2017, when a taxpayer contributes property to a partnership, the Temporary Regulations treat all partnership liabilities (with limited exceptions) as non-recourse, even if the taxpayer is personally liable on some or all of the debt.

Given the uncertainty after the 2016 presidential election, it is critical to implement the best strategies to minimize taxes come April 15, 2017 (and beyond). While it is unclear which tax reforms will be pursued and what order, there are considerations and informational points—broken down by tax areas in a summary of planned changes—that will provide some education relevant to higher-income taxpayers.

Private family trust companies have increased in popularity in recent years, and several states have adopted statutes specific to them. This compiled information compares state trust law requirements for Virtual Representation, Nonjudicial Settlement Agreements and Nonjudicial Modification Agreements in selected states that have PFTC statutes, including Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, and Wyoming.

Estate planning is often part of a divorce settlement, and negotiation of these terms can be as integral to the divorce settlement as allocation of parental responsibilities, support issues, or division of marital estate. For example, even a relatively simple Marital Settlement Agreement may generally contain waivers of an ex-spouse’s right to make claims to the other party’s estate upon death, including rights to property and to act as a trustee or executor of the estate.

For one reason or another, many families are reevaluating and modifying their fiduciary structures. To assist in these discussions, a reference summary of state laws is provided for consideration when establishing wealth transfer plans and structures, including taxation, trust laws, asset protection, and regulated and unregulated private trust companies. This updated summary includes a broader aggregation of top U.S. trust jurisdictions, including Wyoming, Alaska, Delaware, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, and Tennessee.