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Active managers and alternative investment strategies offer the opportunity to add value over passive investments and can offer capital protection. However, as recent cases of financial wrongdoing have shown, it is critically important for investors to adhere to best practices in evaluating a manager's claims and demanding both transparency and an alignment of interests.

While it is critical to reward good performance by general partners, risks and returns should be equitably shared. Non-marketable alternative asset investors should hold frank discussions with general partners about fee arrangements, fund sizes and other activities that may dilute a proper alignment of incentives.

Emerging country returns have high volatility and low correlation. A cap-weighted indexed portfolio is concentrated; its risks are high; and long-term growth expectations are compromised. However, a mathematical model shows that investors can expect to do better with an alternative portfolio structure, one that is rebalanced to relatively equal-weighted countries.

This handbook attempts to strip away some of the mystery around farmland and outline the key aspects of it as an asset class, its management, the key considerations for investors and, perhaps most important of all, the vital questions any good farmland investment advisor must be able to answer satisfactorily.

Direct investment in private companies can deliver returns far exceeding those of private equity and other asset classes while also providing attractive diversification and increased control. The potential for outsize returns, however, comes with increased risk, meaning investors must carefully assess the various financial, organizational and managerial risks involved in this type of investment.

Four basic hedging techniques – long/short, covered call, buy/write indexing and index put options – represent varying levels of risk but, used appropriately, may reduce portfolio volatility and smooth overall returns. Defensive hedging, techniques designed to protect against loss, may even be well-suited for cautious or conservative investors.

Structured notes essentially replicate two types of financial instruments: zero-coupon bond and option(s). As a result, in the creation of structured notes, such financial instruments, their costs and several other factors contribute to the overall pricing of the notes.

One of the newest types of funds specializes in replicating the beta of hedge funds, a traditionally non-correlated asset class. By seeking to replicate the beta of the broad universe of hedge funds, these funds can bring a level of non-correlated returns to any portfolio allocation.

Post-crisis core portfolios may benefit from some revisions to traditional asset allocation. Each potential component of the new core (hedged equity, global fixed income and risk-managed alternatives) includes an enhancement that may offer greater risk management better suited to today's environment.

Once an initial portfolio has been constructed, it is critical that the asset allocation be monitored and rebalanced in a systematic and disciplined manner. Systematic rebalancing not only helps maintain a consistent and appropriate level of risk but, in many cases, also may enhance the return of a portfolio.